Macroeconomic Cash Reserve Ratio

mrunal. org http//mrunal. org/2012/08/econ-crr. html providence bullion check Ratio (CRR) Controversy between SBI & rbi meaning, implication on parsimony Explained 1. What is CRR? 2. What is Scheduled Commercial border? 3. Examples of Scheduled Commercial borders 1. theme 1 High CRR and SLR 2. representative 2 Low CRR and SLR 4. Repo Rate 5. extirpate Repo Rate 6. Bank Rate 7. What is the select of all these CRR,SLR,Repo roams? 8. What is the problem with CRR? 9. How untold CRR fixate does run batted in engage? 10. What does SBI require? 11. Deputy Governor of run batted in 12. Timeline of Events 13.Mock Questions Before proceeding further, do read the foregoing articles on 1. Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) 2. Cost Push swelling 3. Demand Pull Inflation What is CRR? CRR means Cash Reserve Ratio. Banks in India be unavoidable to hold a certain analogy of their full(a) accommodates with RBI in cash form. Right now, CRR is intimately 4. 75% that means if peopl e deposit enumerate Rs. 100 in SBI, then SBI would have to deposit Rs. 4. 75 in RBI. This is CRR or Cash Reserve Ratio. CRR rule doesnot apply to Regional Rural Banks, Non Banking Financial Companies (NBFC), Mutual specie or amends companies.What is Scheduled Commercial Bank? Scheduled cashboxs are those banks which have been included in the second agenda of the Reserve bank of India act of 1934. The banks included in this schedule list should fulfill twain conditions. 1. The nonrecreational(a) capital and collected funds of bank should not be slight t han Rs. 5 lakhs. 2. all activity of the bank provide not adversely motivate the vexs of depositors hahaha, does it mean Non-scheduled banks are allowed to adversely affect the lodge ins of depositors ? Examples of Scheduled Commercial BanksPublic Sector Majority of stake is held by the government. 1. State Bank of India (SBI) 2. Punjab National bank (PNB) Private Sector Majority stakes are held by private players. 1. IC ICI, 2. HDFC, 3. AXIS Bank fictitious character 1 High CRR and SLR Suppose total deposit deposited in (by you and me) State Bank of India =Rs. 100 add file CRR 15%SBI has to park this much amount of total deposit in RBI, without getting all following. SLR 38%SBI has to park this much amount of total deposit, in Government securities / treasury bonds. SBI earns around 7. % stakes rate on this investment. click me for more than on SLR Money leave with SBI Rs. 100 -15 -38 100-1538=Rs. 47 Case 2 Low CRR and SLR Total Deposit CRR 4. 75%SBI has to park this much amount of total deposit in RBI, without getting any recreate. Rs. 100 -4. 75 SLR 23%SBI has to park this much amount of total deposit, in Government securities / treasury bonds. SBI earns around 7. 5% interest rate on this investment. Money left with SBI -23 100-4. 7523=Rs. 72. 25 In either case, as long as youre running a bank, youll have several(prenominal) input monetary values such as 1.Salary to Bank PO , Clerks, pe ons and security guards (With rusted guns) 2. bit rent 3. ATM machines electricity and maintenance. 4. naked as a jaybirdspaper advertizements. To pay above salary and bills, SBI would need to maintain certain amount of profit margin, no matter what RBI does with CRR,SLR or Repo Rate. In Case 1, when SBI has only Rs. 47 in the hands, what screw it do to keep the profit margin same? simply SBI will have to add the interest rates on car, floor,bike,business loans given to customers.In case 2, when SBI has Rs. 72, what can it do? Here the situation is not that bad. So, SBI head word would decrease the interest rates on car,home,bike,business loans to seduce more customers. We already discussed this- SBI has more coin so it can cut down interest rates and substantiate temporary reduction in profit, in order to seduce more customers (compared to ICICI) So once SBI has trim back the interest rates, other banks will need to reduce their interest rates, to stay in the competition. Repo RateLets handle assuming the Case 2, that SBI has only Rs. 72. 25 left in its locker. SBI chief fall outs to know that recently Samsung proud society has launched Galaxy S3 mobile so plenty of youngsters may want to buy it because of the advertisements that appear on TV channels 24/7 Thus there will be demand for more ain loans (EMI) or credit card based shopping. But SBI got only Rs. 72. 25. So SBI chief would borrow some more specie from RBI 8% interest rate and then re-lend this money to customers as own(prenominal) loan 16% (and thus aking a killing profit of 16-8=8%) or he can supply money to customers for Credit Card shopping, and in that case he can earn interest rate anything between 16-37% or even more (depending on hidden terms and conditions of credit card. ) This 8% the rat e which RBI lends short t erm loans t o client s, is called Repo Rat e. atavism Repo Rate As the name suggests, Reverse repo rate is reverse of Repo rate. So, if SBI chief feels there is not enough demand for loans and some of those 72. 25 Rupees are sitting idle, hell deposit some of that cash, in RBI.RBI will pay SBI chief 7% interest rate on such deposit. Thus, Reverse repo rate is the interest rate which RBI pays its client s* for their shortterm deposits. Note Reverse Repo Rate is automatically kept 1% less than Repo rate according to new RBI rules. Since Nov. 2010, Reverse Repo rate is constantly 1% less than Repo. Side Question Why would SBI chief put his money in RBI? Because on your recipe savings account in SBI, the chief pays you around 4% interest rate, while RBI is with child(p) him 7% Reverse repo rate, so hes making a profit of 3%. Bank RateBank rate is the interest rate which RBI charges from its clients* for their LONG-t erm loans. Recall that Repo Rate = RBI charge that much interest from its clients on SHORT t erm loans. *Whore the clients of RBI? 1. Union Government 2. State Government 3. NABARD (through that money goes to Microfinance compa nies and Regional Rural Banks) 4. Commercial Banks (SBI, ICICI etc) 5. Non Banking Financial Companies (NBFC) like Muthoot Finance and Mannapuram Gold Loans. (list is not exhaustive. ) disport not e 1. Bank Rate, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate applies to all Clients of RBI. . The CRR,SLR applies to Commercial Banks. (including Urban cooperative banks but excluding Regional Rural Banks) What is the need of all these CRR,SLR,Repo rates? RBIs main line of descent = control inflation by controlling money supply in the market. Too much money in the market =easy to get loans= not good. Because Itll create inflation. Demand Pull Too less money in the market= again not good, because businessmen find it hard to get loans, thus input cost of production increases= not good for economy either and itll create inflation. Cost push Therefore, RBI will increase/decrease these CRR, SLR and Repo Rates according to the situation in order to adjust the money supply in market and thus control inflati on. Monetary policy Nowadays RBI doesnt touch Bank rate much and mostly relies on Repo rate to control the money supply. CRR and SLR are also not changed as often as Repo rate. And Reverse repo rate is automatically kept 1% less than Repo rate, so that makes Repo rate the most f requent ly used t ool in RBIs monetary policy, in last two years.Apart from that, CRR,SLR and Repo Rate also help those competitive magazine wallas to fill up pages with ridiculously unimportant selective information tables to make your disembodied spirit more miserable. What is the problem with CRR? How much CRR deposit does RBI have? In July 2012 all rasping numbers Total Deposits in all Scheduled Commerical banks (SBI,ICICI etc) CRR 4. 75%Banks have to keep this much amount of total deposits in RBI. Interest earned by SBI/ICICI etc on CRR deposits made in RBI 65 lakh crores 65 lakh crores x 4. 75%=around 3 Lakh crores sitting idle in RBI lockers. lakh crores x 0% = Rs. 0 If SBI/ICICI etc. could lend th ese 3 lakh crores (CRR deposits) to customers 10%, they could easily earn Rs. 30,000 crores in interest payment. Thus, CRR makes a huge difference in the profit of banks. UK, Canada, Sweden, Australia and New Zealand wearyot have CRR system in any form. In USA, there is graded system i. e. small banks dont need to maintain any CRR with their central bank. While big banks would need to maintain CRR Deposit according to their size. Side Question How big? Answer no need to do Ph. D on that question trail.By the way, USAs RBI (Central Bank) is known as Federal Reserve syst em and unremarkably known as Feds. So sometimes while randomly surfing through BBC/CNN you might come across lines like Market boomed /crashed after Feds cut down the rates theyre talking about USAs RBI changing their repo, SLR etc. rates Interestingly, USAs RBI (Feds) pays interest on the CRR deposits, while Indias RBI doesnt pay any interest on CRR deposits. What does SBI want? Recently SBI Chairman Pratip Chaudha ri said that CRR does not help anyone and it is unfair to apply it only on banks.Even if CRR is required why should it be on banks alone? There are a number of institutions that raise funds from the public insurance companies, mutual funds and NBFCs so CRR should be applicable to all. Because of CRR, every year we miss Rs. 3,500 crore. Pratip Chaudhari = Chairman of SBI In India, Businessmen get loan 11 per cent while that for a Chinese equipment manufacturer gets loan in his country for only 4 per cent. So CRR= less money in market= higher interest rate= increases the input cost of Indian products. Deputy Governor of RBIOn SBI chief Pratip Chaudharis demand for removal of CRR, the Deput y Governor of RBI K C Chakrabart y, replied that if the SBI Chairman is not able to do business as per our regulatory environment, he has to find some other place. On this rude comment of Chakrabarthy, SBI chief Pratip Chaudhari replied, (doesnt matter what anyone says) I wanted to start a debate on CRR in the public domain, so let that debate happen. Timeline of Events Early 90s 1992 1996 1999 2007 CRR used to be as high as 15% and SLR used to be as high as 38. %, thus making life of businessmen and aam juntaa difficult. RBI introduces system of Repo rate. RBI introduces the system of Reverse Repo Rate RBI st art s paying interest rates to banks, on CRR deposits. Sub Prime Crisis in USA RBI st ops paying interest rates to banks on CRR deposits. 2010 Eurozone Crisis. For more on that topic, Click ME High inflation, RBI starts increasing Repo rate to fix it. 2011 Throughout the year, RBI keeps increasing Repo Rate to combat inflation. Repo rates gets as high as 8. 50%. August 2012 SBI chief Pratip Chaudhari demands removal of CRR. He has been doing it since a long time, even in 2011 seminars So, This CRR removal news topic would have faded away just like it did in 2011, had the RBI delegate governor not replied on SBI chiefs statement. But RBI Deputy governor did, so the me dia blows the news out of proportion that RBI snubs SBI chairman. And thus the Innocent aspirants of UPSC, bank and MBA exams, are forced to find one more topic i. e. CRR controversy. By the way, during this time, 1. 2. 3. 4. Bank Rate=9% Repo =8% (reverse repo would be plainly 8-1=7%) CRR=4. 75% SLR=23% Mock Questions Q1.Which of t he f ollowing st at ement s are incorrect ? 1. The NBFCs are required to maintain CRR deposits with RBI. 2. RBI pays interest rates on CRR deposits. 3. An Increase in CRR would decrease the liquidity from the market. 4. At present, Bank Rate Repo Rate Reverse Repo Rate. Q2. Which of t he f ollowing st at ement s are correct ? 1. Repo rate is the interest rate paid by RBI to banks on short term deposits. 2. A decrease in repo rate will increase the home loan interest rates. 3. HDFC is a Non-scheduled Commercial bank. 4. SLR is always 20% higher than CRR. Q3.What were the steps taken by RBI in its monetary policy during 2011 to control inflation in In dia. Do you think RBI achieved its objective? Give reasons to justify your stand. (Mains) Q4. If you were the RBI Governor, what steps would to take regarding the CRR issue? (interview) Ref 1. Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh (Tata McGraw hill Publication) 2. http//moneylife. in/article/cash-reserve-ratio-a-non-performing-asset-forbanks/28066. html 3. http//www. indianexpress. com/news/cut-crr-to-fuel-positive-sentimentchaudhuri/980459/0 4. http//www. allbankingsolutions. com/DATA. htm August 30th, 2012 Category Economy